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| known_for = | prizes = | footnotes = }} Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (; 11 May 1930 – 6 August 2002) was a Dutch computer scientist and mathematical scientist. A theoretical physicist by training, he worked as a programmer at the Mathematisch Centrum (Amsterdam) from 1952 to 1962. He was a professor of mathematics at the Eindhoven University of Technology (1962-1984) and a research fellow at the Burroughs Corporation (1973-1984). He held the Schlumberger Centennial Chair in Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin from 1984 until 1999, and retired as Professor Emeritus in 1999. One of the most influential members of computing science’s founding generation, Dijkstra helped shape the new discipline from both an engineering and a theoretical perspective. His fundamental contributions cover diverse areas of computing science, including compiler construction, operating systems, distributed systems, sequential and concurrent programming, programming paradigm and methodology, programming language research, program design, program development, program verification, software engineering principles, graph algorithms, and philosophical foundations of computer science and computer programming.〔O'Regan, Gerard (2013). ''Giants of Computing: A Compendium of Select, Pivotal Pioneers''. (London: Springer Verlag), p. 91-92〕 Many of his papers are the source of new research areas. Several concepts and problems that are now standard in computer science were first identified by Dijkstra and/or bear names coined by him.〔Apt, Krzysztof R. (2002)〕〔Gries, David (1978). ''Programming Methodology: A Collection of Articles by Members of IFIP WG2.3'' (New York: Springer Verlag), p. 7. “The working vocabulary of programmers everywhere is studded with words originated or forcefully promulgated by E. W. Dijkstra—display, deadly embrace,semaphore, go-to-less programming, structured programming. But his influence on programming is more pervasive than any glossary can possibly indicate.”〕 Computer programming in the 1950s to 1960s was not recognized as an academic discipline and unlike physics there were no theoretical concepts or coding systems. Dijkstra was one of the moving forces behind the acceptance of computer programming as a scientific discipline. A training background in mathematics and physics led to his applying similar disciplines of mathematical logic and methodology to computer programming. In 1968, computer programming was in a state of crisis. Dijkstra was one of a small group of academics and industrial programmers who advocated a new programming style to improve the quality of programs. Dijkstra coined the phrase "structured programming" and during the 1970s this became the new programming orthodoxy.〔Knuth, Donald (1974). ''Structured Programming with Go To Statements''. Computing Surveys 6 (4): 261–301. doi:10.1145/356635.356640. “A revolution is taking place in the way we write programs and teach programming, because we are beginning to understand the associated mental processes more deeply. It is impossible to read the recent (W. Dijkstra, O.-J. Dahl, and C. A. R. Hoare ) book ''Structured Programming'', without having it change your life. The reason for this revolution and its future prospects have been aptly described by E.W. Dijkstra in his 1972 Turing Award Lecture, ''The Humble Programmer''.”〕〔Broy, Manfred; Denert, Ernst (eds.) (2002). ''Software Pioneers: Contributions to Software Engineering'', p. 19. (Springer)〕 Dijkstra's ideas about structured programming helped lay the foundations for the birth and development of the professional discipline of software engineering, enabling programmers to organize and manage increasingly complex software projects.〔Hashagen, Ulf; Keil-Slawik, Reinhard; Norberg, A. (eds.) (2002). ''History of Computing: Software Issues (International Conference on the History of Computing, ICHC 2000 April 5–7, 2000 Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Paderborn, Germany)''. (Springer), p. 106. “Structured programming is a topic which links the histories of software as science, software as engineering, software dependability, and, perhaps above all, software as labour process.”〕〔Henderson, Harry (2009). ''Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology'', revised edition. (Facts on File, Inc.), p. 150〕 Dijkstra was an early theoretical pioneer in many research areas of computing science, including algorithm design, programming methodology, and software architecture. The academic study of concurrent computing and concurrent programming started in the 1960s, with Dijkstra (1965) credited with being the first paper in this field, identifying and solving the mutual exclusion problem. He was also one of the early pioneers of the research on principles of distributed computing. His foundational work on concurrency, semaphores, mutual exclusion (mutex), deadlock (deadly embrace), finding shortest paths in graphs, fault-tolerance, self-stabilization, among many other contributions comprises many of the pillars upon which the field of distributed computing is built. Shortly before his death in 2002, he received the ACM PODC Influential-Paper Award in distributed computing for his work on self-stabilization of program computation. This annual award was renamed the Dijkstra Prize (Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing) the following year, in his honor.〔(Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing (International Symposium on Distributed Computing – DISC) )〕 ==Biography== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edsger W. Dijkstra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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